Sunday 7 July 2019

Intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN)

It «is the development of a benign neoplasia or high-grade dysplasia in an epithelium. The exact dividing line between dysplasia and neoplasia has been very difficult to draw throughout the era of medical science. It varies between persons. (...). It is not cancer, but it is associated with higher risk for developing cancer in future. It is thus sometimes a precancerous condition [1].» «The changes in the cells may be low grade or high grade, (...) [2].»  «Dysplasia can be low-grade or high-grade. High-grade dysplasia may also be referred to as carcinoma in situ [3].» It is «an in situ carcinoma confined to an epithelium that may superficially penetrate adnexal glands, measuring < either 3 mm or 5 mm depending on the criteria used. Abnormal cell growth that is found within epithelial cells but has not yet spread to neighboring, underlying, or distant tissues [4].» It is «a proliferation of malignant-appearing cells without evidence of invasion through the epithelial basement membrane [5].»

Evolution of cancer:
Source: Oncology (Cancer) - Health Facts [Internet]. Ndhealthfacts.org. 2017 [cited 2019 Jul 7]. Available from: http://www.ndhealthfacts.org/wiki/Oncology_%28Cancer%29.

Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN):
Source: Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) | Vulval cancer | Cancer Research UK [Internet]. Cancerresearchuk.org. 2019 [cited 2019 Jul 7]. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/vulval-cancer/stages-types-grades/vulval-intraepithelial-neoplasia.

Bibliographic references:
[1] Intraepithelial neoplasia [Internet]. En.wikipedia.org. 2015 [cited 2019 Jul 7]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraepithelial_neoplasia.
[2] NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms [Internet]. National Cancer Institute. [cited 2019 Jul 7]. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/intraepithelial-neoplasia.
[3] Carcinoma in situ [Internet]. En.wikipedia.org. 2019 [cited 2019 Jul 7]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinoma_in_situ.
[4] Intraepithelial neoplasia [Internet]. TheFreeDictionary.com. [cited 2019 Jul 7]. Available from: https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/intraepithelial+neoplasia.
[5] Wazer DE. In Situ Carcinoma. In: Brady L. Encyclopedia of radiation oncology. Berlin: Springer; 2013. p. 373.