tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26797997786701261862024-03-18T03:03:47.874+00:00Radiotherapy DictionaryVirgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.comBlogger258125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-79511760265858481212023-08-16T14:49:00.005+01:002023-08-16T14:49:37.166+01:00The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for managing radiation-induced proctitis – results of a 10-year retrospective cohort study<span style="font-family: verdana;">The largest retrospective study of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in radiation-induced proctitis:</span><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;">Moreira Monteiro A, Alpuim Costa D, Mareco V and Espiney Amaro C (2023). The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for managing radiation-induced proctitis – results of a 10-year retrospective cohort study. <i>Front. Oncol</i>. 13:1235237. doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1235237 (</span><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1235237" style="font-family: verdana;">https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1235237</a><span style="font-family: verdana;">).</span></div>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-37776483731096683812023-08-01T11:32:00.009+01:002023-08-01T11:34:59.258+01:00Survey: "breast cancer: applicability and limits of international guidelines" (French)<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Enquête: "cancer du sein: applicabilité et limites des guidelines internationales".</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Quel que soit notre lieu d’exercice, nous connaissons, lisons et utilisons tous les mêmes recommandations internationales. Afin de faire le point sur l'applicabilité et les limites des guidelines internationales concernant la pratique de la radiothérapie mammaire, nous vous remercions de prendre quelques instants pour répondre à ce questionnaire. Ce questionnaire n’est probablement pas exhaustif, n’hésitez pas à amender vos réponses de commentaires dont nous ne manquerons pas de tenir compte lors de l'analyse.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://www.sfro.fr/index.php?option=com_acym&ctrl=fronturl&task=click&urlid=141&userid=328&mailid=47">Questionnaire</a>.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Cette étude est menée conjointement entre la société marocaine de cancérologie (SMC) et la <a href="https://radiotherapydictionary.blogspot.com/2023/07/sfro.html">SFRO</a>. Nous vous remercions de prendre quelques minutes afin de répondre à cette enquête avant le 30 aout 2023 ainsi que de la diffuser largement autour de vous.</span></div>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-80942952920314986722023-07-31T13:53:00.005+01:002023-07-31T13:53:46.841+01:00SFRO<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.sfro.fr">Société Française de Radiothérapie Oncologique</a> (French) (</span><span style="color: #222222;">French Society of Radiation Oncologists).</span></span></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-3003599575498490712023-07-27T15:01:00.004+01:002023-07-31T13:54:33.414+01:00Survey: "Applicability of international recommendations in the management of cervical cancer" (French)<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Enquête: "Applicabilité des recommandations internationales dans la prise en charge du cancer du col utérin": </span><a href="https://www.sfro.fr/index.php?option=com_acym&ctrl=fronturl&task=click&urlid=140&userid=328&mailid=46" style="font-family: verdana;">link</a><span style="font-family: verdana;">.</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Cette étude est menée conjointement entre la Société Marocaine de Cancérologie (SMC) et la Société Française de Radiothérapie Oncologique (<a href="https://radiotherapydictionary.blogspot.com/2023/07/sfro.html">SFRO</a>). Nous vous remercions de prendre quelques minute afin de répondre à cette enquête <u>avant le 15 aout 2023</u> ainsi que de la diffuser largement autour de vous.</div></span>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-11857206934726150872022-12-15T15:51:00.001+00:002022-12-15T15:51:07.930+00:00SDX introduction - Zero in on a moving target<div style="text-align: center;"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nzBPGM0nXno" title="SDX Introduction Zero in on a moving target" width="479,8125"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="https://www.abgt.pt/">ABGT, Lda.</a>; SDX® Respiratory Gating System, <a href="https://www.dynr.com/">DYN’R, SAS</a>, a spirometry-based system.</span></div>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-58286594044521250652022-07-01T00:46:00.002+01:002022-07-01T00:46:11.350+01:00Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NQGGll4POs0" width="480" youtube-src-id="NQGGll4POs0"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-41785250920161813432022-07-01T00:41:00.001+01:002022-07-01T00:43:38.522+01:00Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OIRHaEqe2aY" width="480" youtube-src-id="OIRHaEqe2aY"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-13785579442418111352022-06-18T15:27:00.002+01:002022-06-18T15:37:31.045+01:00Touchdown: setting up your early career and practice<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="240" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oI_trqs0rQY" width="426.5" youtube-src-id="oI_trqs0rQY"></iframe></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.americanradiumsociety.org/page/rocket">ARS</a>: the American Interplanetary Society, later the American Rocket Society; <a href="https://www.americanradiumsociety.org/page/rocket">ROCKET</a> = Radiation Oncology Knowledge for Early-career and Training; <a href="https://www.radoncvirtual.com/">ROVER</a> = Radiation Oncology Virtual Education Rotation.</div></span><p></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-92062514489036405052022-06-05T23:19:00.002+01:002022-06-05T23:19:19.916+01:00Emprint™ ablation system with Thermosphere™ technology<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwVia0qzJzAgjUj--cuFkGSdO53A4BIxvS3OjHvKo9uchE3TjXONtxFGRRr9CTZf9Hb8CS-dcKLKAyJiyOc7A' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;">Source: <span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;">Medtronic. (n.d.). </span><i style="text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;">Emprint™ ablation system with Thermosphere™ technology</i><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;">. Retrieved June 5, 2022, from <a href="https://medtronic.scene7.com/is/content/Medtronic/emea-emprint-animation-video?cid=EML:ELQ:EM1_play:EU_EN_GI_EmprintPhase2_GEN_NOV21:FY22?">https://medtronic.scene7.com/is/content/Medtronic/emea-emprint-animation-video?cid=EML:ELQ:EM1_play:EU_EN_GI_EmprintPhase2_GEN_NOV21:FY22?</a></span></span></div>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-10636533253978697832022-06-05T21:10:00.001+01:002022-06-05T21:10:06.552+01:00High-risk M0 prostate cancer - clinical case<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/35BP0rcpSkk" width="450" youtube-src-id="35BP0rcpSkk"></iframe></div><br />Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-43230544521943298312022-05-27T18:57:00.001+01:002022-05-27T19:12:36.783+01:00Doctor hierarchy<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/ihik7N-y8GS-cio_Hk6xyoBLuNM=/614x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/types-of-doctors-residents-interns-and-fellows-3157293_final-98d29b5c5f4b457791d2ea5fc9c85490.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="614" height="266" src="https://www.verywellhealth.com/thmb/ihik7N-y8GS-cio_Hk6xyoBLuNM=/614x0/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/types-of-doctors-residents-interns-and-fellows-3157293_final-98d29b5c5f4b457791d2ea5fc9c85490.png" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; text-align: left;">Source: </span><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;">Roberts, E. (2021, November 29). Guide to the Doctor Hierarchy [Digital image]. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from <a href="https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-doctors-residents-interns-and-fellows-3157293">https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-doctors-residents-interns-and-fellows-3157293</a>.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #212121; font-family: verdana;">First-year residents are referred to as interns. After that, they are known as resident doctors, resident physicians, or simply "residents".</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Fellowship is optional but is required to practice certain subspecialties.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: left;">Bibliographic reference: </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;">Whitlock, J. (2021, November 29). </span><i style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;">Doctors, Residents, and Attendings: What's the Difference?</i><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small; text-align: left; text-indent: -1cm;"> Verywell Health. Retrieved May 27, 2022, from <a href="https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-doctors-residents-interns-and-fellows-3157293">https://www.verywellhealth.com/types-of-doctors-residents-interns-and-fellows-3157293</a>.</span></div><br /> <p></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-20226651870927094722022-02-20T15:44:00.007+00:002022-02-20T17:14:17.833+00:00Repeatability<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: #222222;">It is a measure of <a href="https://radiotherapydictionary.blogspot.com/2022/02/precision.html">precision</a>. It is the «</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">variation due to the measuring device. It is the variation observed when the same operator measures the same part repeatedly with the same device [1].» </span>It «is similar to uniformity except that it deals with how consistent a particular sensor is against itself. It can be used to describe the ability of a sensor to provide the same result, under the same circumstances, over and over again [2].»</span></p><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">Bibliographic reference</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">s:</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">[1] Reliawiki. 2017. Measurement System Analysis. [online] Available at: <<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">https://reliawiki.org/index.php/Measurement_System_Analysis</a>> [Accessed 20 February 2022].</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] Apogeeinstruments.com. 2022. Uniformity, Repeatability, Stability, and Accuracy. [online] Available at: <<a href="https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/uniformity-repeatability-stability-and-accuracy/">https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/uniformity-repeatability-stability-and-accuracy/</a>> [Accessed 20 February 2022].</div></span><p></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-74215437308584448672022-02-20T15:24:00.005+00:002022-02-20T18:59:12.148+00:00Stability<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It is «<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;">a measure of how the <a href="https://radiotherapydictionary.blogspot.com/2022/02/accuracy.html">accuracy</a> and <a href="https://radiotherapydictionary.blogspot.com/2022/02/precision.html">precision</a> of the system perform over time [1].»</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsL_twViUDGRU6CynUum1yEqEJI4yXmu1ychd0cKZVRKa09Xsv5Y8SZizEqzuXkCEEcy9h_rinFUCyE3C2_LW1abQCFZgNrVqjckfKNxxx1sdM9CccdX1FhgbSkYBIuQVerZnCz4N7aamqHOHmB88T2h7t5RzkBVvIjR9p7BfXtiXmDXyepqOVX_bgMA=s400" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="145" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgsL_twViUDGRU6CynUum1yEqEJI4yXmu1ychd0cKZVRKa09Xsv5Y8SZizEqzuXkCEEcy9h_rinFUCyE3C2_LW1abQCFZgNrVqjckfKNxxx1sdM9CccdX1FhgbSkYBIuQVerZnCz4N7aamqHOHmB88T2h7t5RzkBVvIjR9p7BfXtiXmDXyepqOVX_bgMA=s16000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">[1]<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;">«Stability deals with the degree to which sensor characteristics remain constant over time. Changes in stability, also known as drift, can be due to components aging, decrease in sensitivity of components, and/or a change in the signal to noise ratio, etc [2].»</div></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Bibliographic references:</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[1] Reliawiki. 2017. Measurement System Analysis. [online] Available at: <<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">https://reliawiki.org/index.php/Measurement_System_Analysis</a>> [Accessed 20 February 2022].</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] Apogeeinstruments.com. 2022. Uniformity, Repeatability, Stability, and Accuracy. [online] Available at: <<a href="https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/uniformity-repeatability-stability-and-accuracy/">https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/uniformity-repeatability-stability-and-accuracy/</a>> [Accessed 20 February 2022].</div></span>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-34790224385853434512022-02-20T15:20:00.008+00:002022-02-20T15:45:11.828+00:00Precision<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">«Precision describes the variation you see when you measure the same part repeatedly with the same device. It includes the following two types of variation:</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><ul><li><a href="https://radiotherapydictionary.blogspot.com/2022/02/repeatability.html">Repeatability</a></li><li>Reproducibility: variation due to the operators and the interaction between operator and part. It is the variation of the bias observed when different operators measure the same parts using the same device.»<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjoTeWkDfFnqNMsrsxu_wmnFI6fp0q1TjKKsB35iqS8UJQ_mQ2v13oPdaN183_OxuyF4qcMTeMxBUozJypL8-RwJ0bn-y5p4zmbt2UxN7uS2X4Z6VvgglUQ3fF6DSfn8vo4_2Prf25oMW9oinD2acAUS2aaG6AJvbFUz_O5atZAOzbqI-r8vqNz2-KAUA=s400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="145" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjoTeWkDfFnqNMsrsxu_wmnFI6fp0q1TjKKsB35iqS8UJQ_mQ2v13oPdaN183_OxuyF4qcMTeMxBUozJypL8-RwJ0bn-y5p4zmbt2UxN7uS2X4Z6VvgglUQ3fF6DSfn8vo4_2Prf25oMW9oinD2acAUS2aaG6AJvbFUz_O5atZAOzbqI-r8vqNz2-KAUA=s16000" /></a></div></li></ul><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Bibliographic reference: <span style="background-color: white; text-indent: -8px;">Reliawiki. 2017. </span><i style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: -8px;">Measurement System Analysis</i><span style="background-color: white; text-indent: -8px;">. [online] Available at: <<a href="https://reliawiki.org/index.php/Measurement_System_Analysis">https://reliawiki.org/index.php/Measurement_System_Analysis</a>> [Accessed 20 February 2022].</span></span></div><br /></span>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-69535459636556837512022-02-20T15:16:00.008+00:002022-02-20T15:38:00.052+00:00Accuracy<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">«Accuracy describes the difference between the measurement and the actual value of the part that is measured. It includes:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><ul><li style="text-align: justify;">Bias: a measure of the difference between the true value and the observed value of a part. If the “true” value is unknown, it can be calculated by averaging several measurements with the most accurate measuring equipment available.</li><li style="text-align: justify;">Linearity: a measure of how the size of the part affects the bias of a measurement system. It is the difference in the observed bias values through the expected range of measurement [1].»<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiAziKb7H8_7swVU2ESMyrtEONrxeRRa-SshLLKxgkv93gPr9Du7XPGJpvcqWQxw3_axGNI8l4ZxlXURYRmXMqblh9FMWsuJ8RUyby9Oq3PdLXnBhLlXZGgaG0twImizGcZW_c0rqcSOFWtmSXlHWpUGNMin7-f1-OqQUDLi2Xq-dw6McwHn1B-SXf4nw=s400" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="145" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiAziKb7H8_7swVU2ESMyrtEONrxeRRa-SshLLKxgkv93gPr9Du7XPGJpvcqWQxw3_axGNI8l4ZxlXURYRmXMqblh9FMWsuJ8RUyby9Oq3PdLXnBhLlXZGgaG0twImizGcZW_c0rqcSOFWtmSXlHWpUGNMin7-f1-OqQUDLi2Xq-dw6McwHn1B-SXf4nw=s16000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">[1]</td></tr></tbody></table></li></ul></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;">It is «analogous to uncertainty relative to a reference, is in its simplest terms the difference between measured and “true” values [2].»</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Bibliographic references:</span></div></span><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">[1] Reliawiki. 2017. Measurement Syste</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">m An</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">alysis. [online] Available at: <</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">https://reliawiki.org/index.php/Measurement_System_Analysis</a><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;">> [Accessed 20 February 2022].</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] Apogeeinstruments.com. 2022. Uniformity, Repeatability, Stability, and Accuracy. [online] Available at: <<a href="https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/uniformity-repeatability-stability-and-accuracy/">https://www.apogeeinstruments.com/uniformity-repeatability-stability-and-accuracy/</a>> [Accessed 20 February 2022].</div></span></div></div>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-71488236514420620162022-02-11T16:55:00.007+00:002022-02-20T17:15:08.039+00:00Survey about a controversial breast cancer clinical case<p><span style="font-family: verdana;">An anonymous 9 short questions survey about a controversial breast cancer clinical case. For academic records.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Link: <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZh6FqosXFlcJEDyfSHttuKkLGw18QC2rWav1HI8CwTPdzvA/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0">https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeZh6FqosXFlcJEDyfSHttuKkLGw18QC2rWav1HI8CwTPdzvA/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0</a>.</span></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-41691733541452546522022-01-25T22:14:00.000+00:002022-01-25T22:14:01.723+00:00pMMR or dMMR<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">P<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">roficient or deficient DNA (</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #4d5156;">deoxyribonucleic acid) </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;">mismatch repair gene expression.</span></span></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-5804794173199310892021-11-14T18:47:00.007+00:002023-07-05T18:34:38.374+01:00Integral dose (ID)<div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span>This i</span><span>s the total ene</span>rgy absorbed/deposited by ionizing radiation, within a</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> body/</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">in the treated volume</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> (in J = kg × Gy) [1]. It is «one way of comparing dose distributions for different-quality beams. (...) If a mass of tissue receives a uniform dose, then the integral dose is simply the product of mass and dose. However, in practice, the absorbed dose in the tissue is nonuniform so rather complex mathematical formulas are required to calculate it. For a single beam of x- or </span><span face="arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">γ</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> radiation, Mayneord formulated the following expression:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 107%;">Σ</span><span style="line-height: 107%;">=1.44 D<sub>0</sub> A d<sub>1⁄2</sub> (1 - e^(0.693 d/d<sub>1⁄2</sub>)) (1 + (2.88 d<sub>1⁄2</sub>)/SSD)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">where ∑ is the inte</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">gral dose, </span><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;">D</span><sub style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;">0</sub><span style="font-family: verdana;"> is the peak dose along the central axis, A is the geometric area of the field, d is the total thickness of the patient in the path of the beam, </span><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;">d</span><sub style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;">1⁄2</sub><span style="font-family: verdana;"> is the half-value depth or the depth of 50% depth dose, and SSD is the source to surface distance. The term (</span><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;">1 + (2.88 d</span><sub style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;">1⁄2</sub><span style="font-family: verdana; text-align: center;">)/SSD)</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> is a correction for the geometric divergence of the beam. </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Because the integral dose is basically the product of mass and dose, its unit is the kilogram-gray or simply joule (since 1 Gy = 1 J/kg). (...) I</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">t is generally believed that the probability of damage to normal tissue increases with the increase in the integral dose, (...) [2].»</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">Bibliographic references:</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[1] Beyzadeoglu, M., Ozyigit, G. and Ebruli, C., 2010. Basic radiation oncology. 1st ed. Berlin: Springer, p.23.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] Khan, F. and Gibbons, J., 2016. Khan's the physics of radiation therapy. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, p.181.<br /></div></span>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-58475981985361122092021-11-14T02:48:00.001+00:002021-11-14T02:48:06.340+00:00Addressing Radiation Oncology residency oversupply survey<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The City of Hope Department of Radiation Oncology is performing an IRB (Institutional Review Board)-exempted study survey study assessing radiation oncologists’ perceptions on residency oversupply, its possible solutions, and the new ACGME (</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education) </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">RCC (</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Review and Recognition Committee) </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">proposed changes.</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">If you choose to be in the study, we will ask you to complete a survey. The survey will take about 20 minutes for you to complete. Completion of the survey will indicate your consent to be a part of the study. Your participation is voluntary, and your responses will be anonymous.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Please click on the link below if you are willing to share your thoughts with us. The link will take you to an online anonymous survey.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScd7IBFkE89KOObMxJY2OxpfIPpFEqK7akv9wiDVhKdqfXaLA/viewform">Survey</a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">If you are a program coordinator receiving this survey, we kindly ask that you forward the survey to the residents.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Please contact Dr. Liu at <a href="mailto:jaliu@coh.org">jaliu@coh.org</a> or Dr. Amini at <a href="mailto:aamini@coh.org">aamini@coh.org</a> or Dr. Glaser at <a href="mailto:sglaser@coh.org">sglaser@coh.org</a> with questions about this study.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Best regards,</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Jason Liu MD, City of Hope National Medical Center</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Arya Amini MD, City of Hope National Medical Center</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Scott Glaser MD, City of Hope National Medical Center</div></span>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-43815050003774877382021-10-16T19:27:00.009+01:002021-10-16T19:28:47.897+01:00Actuarial (versus actual)<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">«Its use is often extended (...) to include the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method, (...). Actual is a new term (...) to refer to a technique with several designations in the statistical literature, including cumulative incidence and crude, unadjusted, absolute, or observable probability [1].»</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;">«Actuarial analysis, (...), is used to describe and compare survival probabilities by allowing for partial survival times (censoring). (...) The actuarial event-free (survival) curve for a nonfatal event, such as structural valve deterioration (SVD) of porcine valves, estimates the event-free probability for a population in which death has been eliminated. This overestimates the percentage of valves that will <i>actually</i> fail, because many patients die before the valve fails [2].»</div><div style="text-align: justify;">«Unlike cumulative incidence [actual estimates], the KM attempts to predict what the latent failure probability would be if death were eliminated. To do this, the KM method assumes that the risk of dying and the risk of failure are independent. But this assumption is not true for many cardiac applications in which the risks of failure and death are negatively correlated (ie, patients with a higher risk of dying have a lower risk of failure, and patients with a lower risk of death have a higher risk of failure, which is a condition called informative censoring) [3].»</div><div style="text-align: justify;">«When used for nonfatal events such as SVD, actual analysis estimates the percentage of patients who will have SVD (or the probability that an individual patient will experience SVD). The KM (actuarial) method attempts to estimate the percentage of SVD that would occur if patients never died. Also, KM depends on the assumption that death and SVD are independent, which they are probably not [1].»</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bibliographic references:</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[1] Grunkemeier GL, Wu Y. Actual versus actuarial event-free percentages. <i>Ann Thorac Surg</i>. 2001 Sep;72(3):677-8. Available at: <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(01)03059-4</a>.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[2] Grunkemeier GL, Jamieson WR, Miller DC, Starr A. Actuarial versus actual risk of porcine structural valve deterioration. <i>J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg</i>. 1994 Oct;108(4):709-18. PMID: 7934107. Available at: <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(94)70298-5</a>.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">[3] Grunkemeier GL, Jin R, Eijkemans MJ, Takkenberg JJ. Actual and actuarial probabilities of competing risks: apples and lemons. <i>Ann Thorac Surg</i>. 2007 May;83(5):1586-92. Available at: <a href="https://www.blogger.com/#">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.11.044</a>.</span></div></span>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-28485543454336064812021-10-16T13:36:00.001+01:002021-10-16T13:37:43.869+01:00Are you satisfied with the level of diversity, equity and inclusion in your workplace?<p> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="color: #444444; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; min-width: 100%; text-align: justify; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 24px 24px 5px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">If you have not done so yet, we invite you to take <a href="https://click.mail.esmo.org/?qs=f8cfc3458ce8323373b8d28fe89fbbf12f5f2c665b0a55a8a37f41e85137e3d8fff576bf6768fcf1483acc2ffc89b19e62dc5be7174296d2">this survey</a> and let us know what challenges you have been facing in your career development.<br /><br />Your contribution will help us get a detailed and global picture of how the oncology workforce is doing when it comes to issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion at work.<br /><br />The survey is anonymous and should take less than 15 minutes to complete. Findings will be presented at ESMO 2022.<br /><br /><a href="https://click.mail.esmo.org/?qs=f8cfc3458ce83233b163e5cc88f67f821dc6d4c478711c1aeef75a223fb691535b8202e0412334001877ea86435974e3fa1597f938a3fb72">Take the survey →</a><br /><br />Thank you.<br /><br />ESMO Women for Oncology</span><br /></span></td></tr></tbody></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" role="presentation" style="color: #444444; font-family: Roboto, RobotoDraft, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; min-width: 100%; width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td style="margin: 0px; padding: 24px;"><table align="center" border="0" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; font-size: 1px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 20px; width: 100%px;"><tbody></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-59707410650102668882021-10-13T18:37:00.002+01:002021-10-13T18:37:29.531+01:00Nearing the end zone: polishing your CV, cover letter, and job talk<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xNth6mc_two" width="480" youtube-src-id="xNth6mc_two"></iframe></div><br /> <p></p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-23765516616502906262021-10-03T21:37:00.006+01:002021-10-17T15:41:35.944+01:00QUANTEC (quantitative analysis of normal tissue effects in the clinic)<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It summarizes the currently available three-dimensional dose/volume/outcome data to update and refine the normal tissue dose/volume tolerance guidelines provided by the classic "Emami" paper [1,2].</span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Bibliographic references:</span></div><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: justify;">[1] Marks LB, <i>et al</i>. Use of normal tissue complication probability models in the clinic. <i>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</i>. 2010 Mar 1;76(3 Suppl):S10-9. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1754">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1754</a>.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">[2] Emami B, <i>et al</i>. Tolerance of normal tissue to therapeutic irradiation. <i>Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys</i>. 1991 May 15;21(1):109-22. Available at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(91)90171-y">https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(91)90171-y</a>.</div></span></span>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-65886276416887203482021-10-03T21:37:00.001+01:002021-10-03T21:37:19.766+01:00NTCP (normal tissue complication probability)Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2679799778670126186.post-9659121254153967382021-10-03T21:37:00.000+01:002021-10-03T21:37:00.209+01:00Rare cancers<p>The definition of rare tumors is not consensual. Rare cancers are defined as an incidence of fewer than 6 cases per 100.000 individuals per year (<i><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033323" target="_blank" title="">RARECARE workin group, Gatta et al. Eur J Cancer 2011</a></i>).</p><p>According to <i><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28542893" target="_blank" title="">DeSantis et al. ACS Atlanta. CA Cancer J Clin 2017</a></i>, overall, approximately 20% of patients with cancer in the United States are diagnosed with a rare cancer. Based on the <i><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22033323" target="_blank" title="">RARECARE workin group, Gatta et al. Eur J Cancer 2011</a></i>, rare cancers are about 22% of all cancer diagnoses in Europe and 24% of the total cancer prevalence.</p><p>Rare cancers include > 300 histological subtypes and may affect all organs (<i><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33262201" target="_blank" title="">Morfouace et al. EORTC, ESMO Open 2020</a></i>). In addition, they can be grouped within 12 families of rare cancers (<i><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32220947" target="_blank" title="">Casali et al. Fondazione IRCCS INT, Milan, ESMO Open 2020</a></i>):</p><ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Epithelial
tumours of head and neck:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Larynx;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Hypopharynx;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Nasal cavity and sinuses;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Nasopharynx;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Major
salivary glands and salivary gland type tumours;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Oropharynx;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Oral cavity and lip;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Eye and adnexa;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Middle ear.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Epithelial digestive tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Small intestine;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Anal canal;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Gallbladder
and extrahepatic biliary duct.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Thoracic tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Epithelial tumours of the trachea;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Thymomas and thymic carcinomas;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Malignant mesothelioma.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Female genital tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Non-epithelial
tumours of the ovary;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Epithelial
tumours of the vulva and vagina;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Trophoblastic
tumours of the placenta.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Male
genital and urogenital tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Tumours
of the testis and paratestis;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Epithelial
tumours of penis;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Extragonadal
germ cell tumours;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Epithelial
tumours of renal pelvis, ureter, and urethra.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Skin
cancers and non-cutaneous melanoma:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Mucosal
melanoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Uveal
melanoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Adnexal
skin carcinomas;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Kaposi
sarcoma.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Sarcomas:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Soft tissue sarcoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Bone sarcoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Gastrointestinal stromal tumours.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Neuroendocrine tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Gastrointestinal pancreatic;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Lung;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Other sites.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Endocrine organ tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Thyroid cancers;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Parathyroid cancer;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Adrenal cortex cancer;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Pituitary gland cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Central nervous system tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Glial tumours and others;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Malignant meninioma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Embryonal tumours.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Paediatric tumours:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Hepatoblastoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Nephroblastoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Odontogenic malignant tumours;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Olfactory neuroblastoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Pancreatoblastoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Pleuropulmonary blastoma;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Retinoblastoma.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Haematological malignancies:<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Lymphoid malinancies;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Myelodysplasctic syndromes;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Myeloproliferative neoplasms (including
mastocytosis);<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms;<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Myeloid/lymphoid
neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA (platelet derived
growth factor receptor alpha), PDGFRB (platelet derived growth factor
receptor beta), or FGFR1 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1), or with
PCM1-JAK2 (pericentriolar material 1-janus kinase 2</span>);<o:p></o:p></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT;">Acute
myeloid leukaemia and related neoplasms.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</ol><p>Then, rare cancers are not so rare, and they are associated with multiple challenges including late and incorrect diagnosis, adverse outcomes, limited clinical expertise, weak evidence for best practice, and difficulties in collecting large series for research and in carrying out clinical trials (<i><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26868354" target="_blank" title="">Boyd et al. BCCA, Vancouver, Lancet Oncol 2016</a></i>).</p><p>Therefore, a global strategy is needed to join efforts to increase knowledge of this group of cancers.</p>Virgínia Marecohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02611365223133638497noreply@blogger.com0